9th-Grade Study Guide 3b

Ear Training and Minor Scales

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1. The names of the intervals are as follows:

   C to C = Unison	C to G = Perfect 5th (P5)
   C to C♯ = minor 2nd (m2)	C to A♭ = minor 6th (m6)
   C to D = Major 2nd (M2)	C to A = Major 6th (M6)
   C to E♭ = minor 3rd (m3)	C to B♭ = minor 7th (m7)
   C to E = Major 3rd (M3)	C to B = Major 7th (M7)
   C to F = Perfect 4th (P4)	C to c = Octave
   C to F# = Augmented 4th or Tritone

2. Be able to recognize the difference between a major 2nd (whole step) and a minor 2nd (half step).
3. The following tunes begin with the interval indicated:

   Twinkle, Twinkle...	Unison
   Frere Jacques	Major 2nd
   Marines Hymn	Major 3rd
   Here Comes the Bride	Perfect 4th
   Maria	Tritone (augmented 4th or diminished 5th)
   Star Wars	Perfect 5th
   My Bonnie...	Major 6th
   There's a Place for Us	Minor 7th
   Bali Hai	Major 7th
   Somewhere Over the Rainbow	Octave

4. Be able to recognize the difference between a major chord and a minor chord.
   Example: C E G = Major, C Eb G = minor
5. Be able to recognize the difference between a major chord and an augmented chord.
   Example: C E G = Major, C E G# = Augmented
6. Be able to recognize the difference between a major chord and a diminished chord.
   Example: C E G = Major, C Eb Gb = diminished
7. Be able to recognize the difference between a major major 7th chord (MM7) and a major minor 7th chord (Mm7).
   Example: C E G B = MM7, C E G Bb = Mm7
8. Be able to identify the sound of the intervals listed in #3.
9. To find the minor key signature from the major, add three flats.
   For example: A♭Major has 4 flats. 4 flats + 3 flats = 7 flats, so a♭ minor has 7 flats.
10. When flats are added to sharps they cancel each other.
    For example: E Major has 4 sharps. Adding 3 flats cancels out 3 sharps, so e minor has 1 sharp.
11. Being able to draw the following diagram might help:
    (Remember: All Dogs Get Caught For Biting Elementary Administrators)
    
12. The three forms of minor scales are Natural, Harmonic, and Melodic.
13. To form the harmonic minor from the natural minor, raise the seventh note one half step.
14. To form the upward moving melodic minor from the natural minor, raise the sixth and seventh notes one half step.
15. To downward moving melodic minor is the same as the natural minor.
16. Parallel major and minor scales begin on the same note.
    For example: C major and c minor both start on C.
17. Relative major and minor scales have the same key signature.
    For example: F major and d minor both have one flat.
18. Be able to recognize by sight and sound the difference between Major, natural minor, harmonic minor, and melodic minor scales. For example:

    A Major:

    A

    B

    C♯

    D

    E

    F♯

    G♯

    A

    a natural minor:

    A

    B

    C

    D

    E

    F

    G

    A

    a harmonic minor:

    A

    B

    C

    D

    E

    F

    G♯

    A

    a melodic minor:

    A

    B

    C

    D

    E

    F♯

    G♯

    A

    G

    F

    E

    D

    C

    B

    A